This study aims to evalúate the egg-granuloma system in hepatic tissues using lectin histochemistry in experimental Schistosomiasis. Eight Swiss mice were infected with a local strain of Schistosoma mansoni, being submitted forty days later to a perfusión after which slices of liver (4|J.m) were prepared. The tissue samples were incubated with the following peroxidase conjugated lectins: Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Wheat Germ agglutinin (WGA), and Concanavalin A (Con A). All lectins recognized the glycoconjugates in the adult worm tegument. In the hepatic tissue, WGA presented the highest staining followed by PNA and Con A. The PNA presented the most intense staining of the egg-granuloma system while WGA stained the hepatic sinusoid cells and Con A bound preferentially the fibrosis rings of granuloma and the surrounding hepatic parenquima. WGA and PNA indicated the presence of residues of N-acetyl-glucosamine and galactose in the surface of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the hepatic granulomas. In conclusión, using PNA, Con A and WGA our study presented different aspects of the egg-granuloma and Tegument of Schistosoma mansoni as well as indicated differences in the peri-ovular granulomas indicating alterations in the cellular mechanism of expression of surface carbohydrates during progression of the Schistosomiasis.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el sistema de los huevos de los granulomas en los tejidos hepáticos, utilizando histoquímica de lectinas esquistosomiasis. Ocho ratones suizos experimentales fueron infectados con una cepa local de Schistosoma mansoni y luego a los cuarenta días fueron sometidos a la perfusión y se prepararon cortes de hígado (4 |J,m). Las muestras de los tejidos fueron incubadas con las siguientes peroxidasas lectinas conjugadas: aglutinina de maní (PNA), aglutinina de germenn de trigo (WGA), Concanavalin A (Con A). Todas las lectinas reconocieron las glicoconjugadas en el tegumento del gusano adulto. El tejido hepático con WGA presentó mayor coloración seguido de PNA y Con A. El PNA presentó la más intensa tinción de los huevos mientras el granuloma del sistema WGA tiñó las células hepáticas sinusoides y las Con A estuvieron siempre presentes en los anillos de la fibrosis y alrededor de los granulomas hepáticos del parénquima. WGA y PNA indicaron la presencia de residuos de N - acetil - glucosamina y galactosa en la superficie de los huevos de Schistosoma mansoni en los granulomas hepáticos de esquistosomiasis.

A imuno-histoquímica é uma técnica de grande ajuda no diagnóstico de doenças da próstata, incluindo os tumores. De igual importância, a análise digital de imagens vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada em estudos de alterações na próstata. O presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar morfometricamente a expressão da galectina-3 através da imuno-histoquímica em tecidos de próstata normal (PN), hiperplasia benigna da próstata (HPB) e adenocarcinoma prostático (AP). Fragmentos cirúrgicos de tecido prostático com AP (n = 10), HPB (n = 12) e PN (n = 10) foram fixados em formalina, submetidos à rotina histológica e embebidos em parafina. Foram feitos cortes histológicos (4µm) montados em lâminas e corados com hematoxilina e eosina (HE) para confirmar o diagnóstico. As amostras teciduais selecionadas foram incubadas com anticorpo monoclonal antigalectina-3 por uma hora em temperatura ambiente (37ºC) e então incubadas com um anticorpo secundário. A revelação foi realizada após incubação com diaminobenzidina (DAB) e peróxido de hidrogênio. A análise morfométrica foi realizada mediante uma estação de análise digital de imagens, que consiste num microscópio óptico acoplado a uma câmera digital ligada a um computador equipado com o software de análise OPTIMAS®. Nas células de adenocarcinoma foi observada diminuição significativa na marcação (p < 0,001) da imuno-histoquímica para galectina-3. A partir da análise digital de imagens das áreas médias marcadas obtivemos os seguintes resultados: HPB (875,9 ± 52,1µm²), AP (120,2 ± 23,3µm²) e PN (238,4 ± 27,6µm²). Os diferentes perfis de expressão da galectina-3 diferenciaram as células neoplásicas da próstata de células normais e demonstraram significativas alterações na expressão da galectina-3 nas lesões tumorais investigadas.

Immunohistochemistry helps pathologists in the diagnosis of prostatic diseases, mainly carcinomas. Equally important, digital image analysis is being increasingly used to study alterations in the prostate. The present work aims to morphometrically quantify the immunostain of galectin-3 expressed in normal prostate (NP), benign hyperplasia (BH) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) in humans. Immunohistochemistry was developed using monoclonal anti-galectin-3 antibody. Surgical specimens from different patients with BH (n = 12), PA (n = 10) and NP (n = 10) were fixed in formalin, processed and embedded in paraffin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to confirm the diagnosis. Tissue slices (4µm) were incubated with anti-galectin-3 antibody solution for one hour at room temperature and then incubated with a secondary anti-body conjugated to peroxidase (30 minutes). The stain pattern was visualized with diaminobenzidine (DAB) and hydrogen peroxide. Image analysis was carried out using a workstation consisting of a standard light microscope equipped with a digitalizing camera connected to a desktop personal computer. Image storage and retrieval was managed using the OPTIMAS® software system. For prostatic adenocarcinoma cells a significant decreased (p < 0.001) staining pattern for galectin-3 was observed. Computer image analysis detected stained areas of atypic prostatic cells: BH (875.9 ± 52.1µm²), PA (120.2 ± 23.3µm²) and NP (238.4 ± 27.6µm²). The different patterns of galectin-3 expression distinguished the neoplasic cells from normal prostatic ones and significant alterations in the galectin-3 expression into the studied tumor lesions.

Immunodetection of human IgG anti-Toxocara canis was developed based on ELISA and on the use of polysiloxane/polyvinyl alcohol (POS/PVA) beads. A recombinant antigen was covalently immobilized, via glutaraldehyde, onto this hybrid inorganic-organic composite, which was prepared by the sol-gel technique. Using only 31.2 ng antigen per bead, a peroxidase conjugate dilution of 1:10,000 and a serum dilution of 1:200 were adequate for the establishment of the procedure. This procedure is comparable to that which utilizes the adsorption of the antigen to conventional PVC plates. However, the difference between positive and negative sera mean absorbances was larger for this new glass based assay. In addition to the performance of the POS/PVA bead as a matrix for immunodetection, its easy synthesis and low cost are additional advantages for commercial application.

Exames parasitológicos foram realizados em amostras fecais de 663 indivíduos residindo em três cidades do estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste brasileiro: Recife, Palmares e Bodocó. A população de Bodocó, situada na região do semi-árido de Pernambuco, foi investigada para amebíase e comparada com a do Recife, cidade metropolitana com cerca de 1,3 milhões de habitantes, e com outra da zona de plantação de cana-de-açucar do estado, Palmares. Não foi observada evidência da presença de cêpas invasivas de E. histolytica nesses habitantes desde que aquelas isoladas das amostras fecais, com zimodomas dos tipos I, III, IV, VIII, IX, X, XVII e XVIII, são reconhecidas como não patogênicas. Ademais, a prevalência de helmintos intestinais e de infecções por protozoários mostrou que esses indivíduos são infectados por outros agentes responsáveis por quadros diarréicos.

Parasitological examinations were carried out on 663 individuals of three different cities of Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil: Recife, Palmares and Bodocó. The population from a drought area of Pernambuco State, Bodocó, was investigated for amoebiasis and compared with Recife, metropolitan city (about 1.3 million of inhabitants) and another inland community, Palmares, located inside of the sugar-cane plantation region of the State. No evidence of invasive strains of E. histolytica were found in these inhabitants, provided that the isolated zymodemes I, III, IV, VIII, IX, X, XVII and XVIII are recognized as nonpathogenic strains of E. histolytica. Furthermore, the prevalence of intestinal helminths and other protozoan infections showed that these individuals are infected by other agents responsible for diarrhoeal diseases.